Science activities

The Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) began in 1975 to conduct baseline and compliance monitoring of water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic invertebrates in the San Francisco Bay-Delta estuary. This monitoring program was designed to track the impact of water diversions to the State Water Project (SWP) and Central Valley Project (CVP) on the Bay-Delta. In the decades since, EMP scientists have monitored these constituents at fixed and floating stations throughout the estuary and ensured compliance with state and federal mandates such as Water Right Decision 1641 (D-1641). In the years and decades since its inception, EMP has become one of the cornerstones for scientists' and managers' understanding of the pace and pattern of change in this critical ecosystem. By sampling water quality and biological communities concurrently, EMP has created a dataset that is uniquely useful in better understanding causal connections between physical, biological, and biogeochemical processes. 

The Wetland Regional Monitoring Program (WRMP) Fish and Fish Habitat Monitoring project is a collaborative effort to track biological responses to tidal wetland restoration in the San Francisco Estuary. Monthly sampling is conducted across a network of benchmark, reference, and project restoration sites in the South Bay and North Bay, with the goal of evaluating how wetland restoration influences fish assemblages, habitat use, and ecological condition.

The study uses primarily otter trawls to monitor fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Standardized field methods align with those used in long-term monitoring programs to ensure comparability and data integration across regions. Environmental data, including water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, are collected in tandem with biological sampling to assess habitat quality and seasonal dynamics.

The program addresses WRMP Guiding Question #4: How do policies, programs, and projects to protect and restore tidal marshes affect the distribution, abundance, and health of fish and wildlife? The data support adaptive management, regulatory compliance, and science-based restoration planning by identifying key habitats, tracking restoration performance, and detecting regional patterns in species composition and abundance over time.

This lidar project provides high-resolution, region-wide elevation data for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary, offering an unprecedented view of the landscape, landforms, and habitat conditions. LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, uses laser pulses to measure the distance between the sensor and the ground, creating detailed three-dimensional maps of terrain. This dataset captures fine-scale features across the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary. This supports researchers, community members, and agencies to better visualize changes in topography, habitat distribution, and flood risk. By providing consistent, accurate, and comprehensive coverage, the lidar data supports a wide range of applications. Researchers can use the data to study habitat dynamics, track landscape change over time, model ecological processes, and more. Agencies and planners can integrate the information into flood risk management, infrastructure planning, and climate adaptation strategies. Community organizations and local stakeholders can also use the data to understand environmental conditions in their neighborhoods and inform local projects. The lidar data will be made publicly available following final review in 2026. 

Availability details and links will be shared here as soon as the data are released. 

This lidar collection collaboration would not be possible without funding support from the Wetlands Regional Monitoring Program (through funding awarded by the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority), Delta Stewardship Council, California Department of Water Resources, South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, and Valley Water (Santa Clara County). 

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